Persian Gulf crude exports rebound to 16.5 million–19 million bpd, as focus turns to Iran’s risk of extreme escalation
Data from JPMorgan, Goldman Sachs and Kpler show Persian Gulf crude exports have returned to prewar levels, with September flows averaging 16.5 million to 19 million barrels per day. About 40% of crude is now shipped via pipeline routes that bypass the Strait of Hormuz, up from 17% before the war. Of the crude that still crossed Hormuz in August, more than 70% switched tankers offshore. Markets are also watching whether Iran could resort to more extreme action.