Who Holds the Most Bitcoin? Satoshi, Coinbase, BlackRock, Strategy and Nation-State Reserves Compared

Satoshi Nakamoto is estimated to control about 1.1 million BTC, a stake that outweighs the holdings of major exchanges, corporations and governments. Coinbase, Binance, BlackRock, Strategy, Tether, and several public firms collectively manage large on-chain balances, while the United States, China, the United Kingdom, Ukraine, and Germany have accumulated or seized substantial amounts of Bitcoin in recent years.